The internal jugular vein although cannot be seen, when the pressure is elevated a diffuse pulsation is visible.
If visible, pulsatile and not obstructed, the external jugular vein(which is more superficial, prominent and generally easier to see) can be used to assess JVP. Although it can be obstructed as it traverses the deep fascia of the neck, this rarely presents a problem. Due to the anatomy of the innominate veins, the JVP is best examined on the patient's right side.
Mean right atrial pressure is normally <7mmHg/9cmH2O). Since the sternal angle is approximately 5 cm above the right atrium the normal jugular venous pulse should extend not more than 4 cm above the sternal angle
The abdomino-jugular reflex
A positive abdominojugular test is best defined as an increase in JVP during 10 s of firm midabdominal compression followed by a rapid drop in pressure of 4 cm blood on release of the compression. The most common cause of a positive test is right-sided heart failure secondary to elevated left heart filling pressures
If visible, pulsatile and not obstructed, the external jugular vein(which is more superficial, prominent and generally easier to see) can be used to assess JVP. Although it can be obstructed as it traverses the deep fascia of the neck, this rarely presents a problem. Due to the anatomy of the innominate veins, the JVP is best examined on the patient's right side.
Mean right atrial pressure is normally <7mmHg/9cmH2O). Since the sternal angle is approximately 5 cm above the right atrium the normal jugular venous pulse should extend not more than 4 cm above the sternal angle
The abdomino-jugular reflex
A positive abdominojugular test is best defined as an increase in JVP during 10 s of firm midabdominal compression followed by a rapid drop in pressure of 4 cm blood on release of the compression. The most common cause of a positive test is right-sided heart failure secondary to elevated left heart filling pressures
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